Introduction to the Forex Market
The Foreign Exchange market, also referred to as the "Forex" or "FX" market is the largest financial market in the world, with a daily average turnover of US$3.2 trillion.
"Foreign Exchange" is the simultaneous buying of one currency and selling of another. Currencies are traded in pairs, for example Euro/US Dollar (EUR/USD) or US Dollar/Japanese Yen (USD/JPY).
There are two reasons to buy and sell currencies. About 5% of daily turnover is from companies and governments that buy or sell products and services in a foreign country or must convert profits made in foreign currencies into their domestic currency. The other 95% is trading for profit, or speculation.
For speculators, we believe the best trading opportunities are with the most commonly traded (and therefore most liquid) currencies, called "the Majors." Today, more than 85% of all daily transactions involve trading of the Majors, which include the US Dollar, Japanese Yen, Euro, British Pound, Swiss Franc, Canadian Dollar and Australian Dollar.
A true 24-hour market from Sunday 5:00 PM ET to Friday 5:00PM ET, Forex trading begins each day in Sydney, and moves around the globe as the business day begins in each financial center, first to Tokyo, London, and New York. Unlike any other financial market, investors can respond to currency fluctuations caused by economic, social and political events at the time they occur - day or night.
The FX market is considered an Over The Counter (OTC) or 'interbank/interdealer' market, due to the fact that transactions are conducted between two counterparts over the telephone or via an electronic network. Trading is not centralized on an exchange, as with the stock and futures markets.
"Foreign Exchange" is the simultaneous buying of one currency and selling of another. Currencies are traded in pairs, for example Euro/US Dollar (EUR/USD) or US Dollar/Japanese Yen (USD/JPY).
There are two reasons to buy and sell currencies. About 5% of daily turnover is from companies and governments that buy or sell products and services in a foreign country or must convert profits made in foreign currencies into their domestic currency. The other 95% is trading for profit, or speculation.
For speculators, we believe the best trading opportunities are with the most commonly traded (and therefore most liquid) currencies, called "the Majors." Today, more than 85% of all daily transactions involve trading of the Majors, which include the US Dollar, Japanese Yen, Euro, British Pound, Swiss Franc, Canadian Dollar and Australian Dollar.
A true 24-hour market from Sunday 5:00 PM ET to Friday 5:00PM ET, Forex trading begins each day in Sydney, and moves around the globe as the business day begins in each financial center, first to Tokyo, London, and New York. Unlike any other financial market, investors can respond to currency fluctuations caused by economic, social and political events at the time they occur - day or night.
The FX market is considered an Over The Counter (OTC) or 'interbank/interdealer' market, due to the fact that transactions are conducted between two counterparts over the telephone or via an electronic network. Trading is not centralized on an exchange, as with the stock and futures markets.
What controls the market?
The primary causes of changes in currency rates are economical forces as well as political and psychological factors.
Basic parameters of economy such as inflation, interest rates, unemployment, and many others affect exchange rates constantly and dramatically. Government policy has drastic influence on the rates too. Competence of the government in maintaining the currency is conducive for its rate increase. Decreasing interest rates stimulates decreased demand for the currency and, thus, depresses its value in the exchange operations. A decision of the Central Bank of a country to buy or sell the currency may strengthen or undermine its rate significantly.
Expectations of change in the economic conditions may lead to sudden and drastic fluctuation of the currency rate. This is the key concept, because the foreign exchange market is often controlled by expectation of changes, rather than the changes themselves.
Activity of professional currency exchange managers, especially when caused by the interests of powerful financial consortia, is another important market force. In many cases, the managers may act independently and use the market as a unique instrument to achieve their goals of changing major rates. Most, if not all of them, could not care less about the adequacy of charts used for technical analysis. Though, as major levels of resistance and support are approached, the behavior of the market becomes more and more "technical", and the reactions of large number of traders often become similar and predictable. Such periods in the market may lead to dramatic rate fluctuations, because significant funds happen to be invested in similar positions.
Basic parameters of economy such as inflation, interest rates, unemployment, and many others affect exchange rates constantly and dramatically. Government policy has drastic influence on the rates too. Competence of the government in maintaining the currency is conducive for its rate increase. Decreasing interest rates stimulates decreased demand for the currency and, thus, depresses its value in the exchange operations. A decision of the Central Bank of a country to buy or sell the currency may strengthen or undermine its rate significantly.
Expectations of change in the economic conditions may lead to sudden and drastic fluctuation of the currency rate. This is the key concept, because the foreign exchange market is often controlled by expectation of changes, rather than the changes themselves.
Activity of professional currency exchange managers, especially when caused by the interests of powerful financial consortia, is another important market force. In many cases, the managers may act independently and use the market as a unique instrument to achieve their goals of changing major rates. Most, if not all of them, could not care less about the adequacy of charts used for technical analysis. Though, as major levels of resistance and support are approached, the behavior of the market becomes more and more "technical", and the reactions of large number of traders often become similar and predictable. Such periods in the market may lead to dramatic rate fluctuations, because significant funds happen to be invested in similar positions.
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